Table 3 |
|||
|
Target genotypes and study population in association with periodontal disease and smoking |
|||
|
Genotypes |
Subjects |
Main findings |
Articles |
|
|
|||
|
IL-1A -889, IL-1B +3954 (originally described as +3953) |
134 subjects, USA |
The polymorphic IL-1 gene cluster was associated with severity of periodontitis only in non-smokers. |
59 |
|
IL-1A -889, IL-1B +3954 (originally described as +3953) |
28 African-American and 7 Caucasian-American families (early onset periodontitis affected and unaffected subjects), USA |
IL-1ß disequilibrium with EOP was found both in smokers and non-smokers. |
57 |
|
IL-1A -889 |
46 patients and 12 controls, UK |
The carriage of allele 2 was associated with an increase in IL-l α protein levels, especially in non-smokers, while heavy smokers showed reduced levels of IL-lα protein, regardless of genotype. |
28 |
|
IL-1A -4845, IL-1B -3954 |
295 Caucasians, Australia |
A relationship was observed between the IL-1-positive genotype and increased mean probing pocket depth in non-smokers more than 50 years of age. IL-1 genotype-positive smokers had an increase in the number of probing depths ≥3.5 mm. |
56 |
|
IL-1A +4845, IL-B +3954 |
90 patients (non- or former smokers), USA |
IL-1 genotype-positive non-smokers or former light smokers were at increased odds of having moderate-to-severe periodontal disease compared to IL-1 genotype-negative patients. The presence of both former moderate smoking history and IL-1-positive genotype showed a lower likelihood of developing the disease when compared to those with presence of only one of the risk factors. |
60 |
|
IL-1A -889, IL-1B +3954, IL-1RN |
154 Caucasians, Germany |
Severity of periodontitis was associated with the composite genotype of IL-1α/1β in smokers, while no differences were found in genotype-negative subjects, irrespective of their smoking status. |
62 |
|
IL-1A -889, IL-1B +3954, IL-1B -511 |
1085 Caucasians, Germany |
An increased risk of periodontal disease and tooth loss was observed for IL-1 genotype-positive smokers. |
61, 63, 64 |
|
IL-1A -889 IL-1B +3954 |
330 patients and 101 controls, Chile |
The association between positive genotype and periodontitis was independent of smoking status. |
58 |
|
IL-6 -174 |
155 patients and 54 controls, Brazil |
An association between the G-genotype and periodontal status was observed only in non-smokers. |
65 |
|
IL-10 -1087 |
60 patients and 39 controls, Sweden |
An association between the GG genotype and periodontal status was more conspicuous in non-smokers. |
66 |
|
Vitamin D receptor -1056 Taq-I |
303 patients and 231 controls, UK |
Vitamin D receptor Taq-I TT polymorphism was moderately associated with both the presence and progression of periodontitis in smokers. |
70 |
|
FcγRIIIb |
164 subjects aged 70 years old, Japan |
An association between smoking and periodontal disease progression in elderly people with FcγRIIIb-NA2 polymorphism. |
68 |
|
FcγRIIa |
422 Caucasians, USA |
FcγRIIa-H/H131 genotype may be associated with chronic periodontitis risk in smokers. |
69 |
|
FcγRIIIa -158V/F, FcγRIIIb -NA1/NA2 |
1083 Caucasians, Germany |
Smokers show a significantly increased attachment loss in the presence of FcγRIIIb-NA2 allele. The different genotypes show no differences in non-smokers. |
63 |
|
IFNGR1 |
62 patients and 56 controls, Norway |
In combination with smoking, IFNGR1 was significantly associated with periodontitis. |
67 |
|
NAT2 -T341C, -G590A, G857A MPO G-463ª |
1083 Caucasians, Germany |
Smokers with the high activity variant of NAT 2 and MPO are at an increased risk of periodontitis. |
63 |
|
|
|||
|
IL: interleukin, FcγR: Fcγ receptor, IFNGR1: interferon gamma receptor 1, NAT: N-acetyltransferase, MPO: myeloperoxidase |
|||
|
Ojima and Hanioka Tobacco Induced Diseases 2010 8:4 doi:10.1186/1617-9625-8-4 |
|||
